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Glaucoma Diagnosis & Treatment

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often caused by increased eye pressure (IOP). If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, but early detection and treatment can prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision.

Glaucoma

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can develop without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection. The disease progresses slowly and can result in irreversible vision loss if not managed appropriately.

Types of Glaucoma:
  • Open-Angle Glaucoma - The most common form
  • Angle-Closure Glaucoma - Can occur suddenly or gradually
  • Normal-Tension Glaucoma - Damage occurs despite normal eye pressure
  • Secondary Glaucoma - Results from other eye conditions

Early Detection is Key

Early detection of glaucoma is critical for preventing vision loss. Watch this video to understand what happens as glaucoma progresses and why regular screening is important.

Why Early Detection Matters

Vision Preservation

Once vision is lost to glaucoma, it cannot be recovered. Early treatment can preserve remaining vision and improve vision protection.

Progressive Nature

Glaucoma progresses slowly, making regular eye exams essential for early diagnosis.

Treatment Effectiveness

Earlier treatment is typically more effective and may involve less invasive options.

Quality of Life

Maintaining vision preserves independence and quality of life for patients.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

While glaucoma may not present noticeable symptoms until significant damage has been done, there are some signs to be aware of, as well as risk factors that may increase your likelihood of developing the condition.

Common Symptoms

  • Patchy blind spots in peripheral or central vision
  • Tunnel vision (in advanced cases)
  • Severe eye pain (in acute angle-closure glaucoma)
  • Headaches and eye pressure
  • Nausea or vomiting accompanied by eye pain
  • Blurred vision or seeing halos around lights
  • Redness in the eye
Important: Open-angle glaucoma, the most common form, often has no symptoms in its early stages. Regular eye exams are the only way to detect it early.

Risk Factors

  • Age over 60 - Risk increases significantly with age
  • Family history - Glaucoma tends to run in families
  • High intraocular pressure - The main risk factor for most types of glaucoma
  • Ethnicity - Higher risk in people of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent
  • Medical conditions - Diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure
  • Other eye conditions - Severe eye injuries, certain eye surgeries, or thin corneas
  • Long-term corticosteroid use - Especially eye drops

Having multiple risk factors significantly increases your risk. If you have several risk factors, consider more frequent eye examinations.

Advanced Diagnostic Tests

We use state-of-the-art technology to detect and monitor glaucoma, even in its earliest stages:

HVFA Test
Premier Diagnostic Method

HVFA (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer)

The Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer is the gold standard for detecting and monitoring vision loss due to glaucoma. This sophisticated test maps your entire field of vision, highlighting areas where vision may be compromised.

How it works:
  1. You'll look into a bowl-shaped instrument while focusing on a central target
  2. Small lights of varying intensities appear in different locations
  3. You press a button whenever you see a light
  4. The test creates a detailed map of your visual field

Benefits: Detects early vision loss before you notice symptoms, tracks progression over time, and helps evaluate treatment effectiveness.

RNFL Test
Advanced Imaging

RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) Scan

The RNFL scan uses Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) technology to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Thinning of this layer is often the earliest sign of glaucoma damage, occurring before visual field loss.

How it works:
  1. A non-invasive imaging device scans your eye without touching it
  2. The scan creates cross-sectional images of your retina
  3. Advanced software measures the thickness of the nerve fiber layer
  4. Results are compared to age-matched normal values

Benefits: Can detect glaucoma up to 5 years before visual field changes, provides objective measurements, and enables precise monitoring of disease progression.

Advanced Surgical Options

When medications and laser treatments are not sufficient to control intraocular pressure, we offer several surgical interventions:

MIGS Surgery
Minimal Recovery

MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery)

MIGS procedures are micro-scale interventions designed to lower eye pressure with fewer risks and a quicker recovery compared to traditional glaucoma surgery.

Key Benefits:
  • Performed through tiny incisions
  • Often combined with cataract surgery
  • Rapid recovery (usually within days)
  • Lower risk of complications
  • Preserves eye tissue for future interventions if needed

Ideal for: Patients with mild to moderate glaucoma, especially those also having cataract surgery.

Trabeculectomy Surgery
Highly Effective

Trabeculectomy (TRAB)

Trabeculectomy is a traditional glaucoma filtration surgery that creates a new drainage pathway for excess fluid to leave the eye, effectively lowering intraocular pressure.

Key Benefits:
  • Significantly reduces eye pressure
  • Long-term pressure control
  • May reduce or eliminate the need for glaucoma medications
  • Preserves vision by stopping further damage

Ideal for: Patients with advanced glaucoma or those who continue to lose vision despite maximum medical therapy.

Laser PI
Quick Procedure

Laser PI (Peripheral Iridotomy)

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy creates a small opening in the iris (the colored part of the eye) to improve fluid flow, particularly useful for angle-closure glaucoma or narrow-angle patients.

Key Benefits:
  • Outpatient procedure (typically 10-15 minutes)
  • Prevents or treats angle-closure glaucoma
  • Creates bypass channel for fluid flow
  • Minimal discomfort during and after procedure
  • Quick recovery with few restrictions

Ideal for: Patients with narrow angles or angle-closure glaucoma, often performed preventatively.

Comprehensive Glaucoma Management

Glaucoma is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing care and monitoring. Our approach combines multiple strategies:

Medical Therapy

Prescription eye drops to lower intraocular pressure, often the first line of treatment. Different classes of medications work in various ways to reduce pressure.

Laser Therapy

Various laser procedures can improve drainage and lower pressure. Often used as an intermediate step between medications and incisional surgery.

Regular Monitoring

Scheduled check-ups to monitor pressure, visual fields, and optic nerve appearance. Frequency depends on your condition's severity and stability.

Lifestyle Factors

Managing blood pressure, exercising appropriately, avoiding head-down positions for extended periods, and being careful with eye trauma risks.

Patient Experiences

Hear from patients who've benefited from our glaucoma care:

Early Detection Can Save Your Sight

Schedule a comprehensive glaucoma screening today. Remember, most people with early-stage glaucoma have no symptoms.